Most Important Types of Motivation!
Among the various types of motivation 4 most important types of motivation are as follows:
1. Positive and negative motivation
If the motivation is classified on the bases of prizes or punishment than it can be classified into positive or negative motivation for motivating employees. In practice, maximum organizations give special importance to negative motivation which becomes provisional and critical to organization in many cases. Positive or affirmative motivation becomes durable and makes employees loyal towards organization. But, it is necessary to make balance between negative and positive motivation to create the most favourable results.
a. Positive motivation
If the motivation is based on prize and incentives for more excellent performance, it is called positive motivation. Bonus, prizes, promotion, recognition, challenging (not impossible) responsibilities, participation at decision making, etc are used to motivate individuals under this motivation. This method is also known as 'carrot approach' as for every better result employees get rewarded. It is a type of motivation which creates self motivation and it becomes long-lasting. Employees themselves put additional endeavor. They become more cooperative, creative with each others for the ordinary objective. Employees work with dedication in a hope to achieve their requirements. Since it is nature of human that fulfillment of one level of requirements which creates rise of next level requirements. Positive motivation decrease the labor turnover and rate of absenteeism. Employees get commend and recognition under positive motivation.
b. Negative motivation
If the motivation is based on fear and punishment, it is called negative motivation. Warning, salary deduction, penalty, suspension, holding grades, demotion, firing from job, etc techniques are continually used in negative motivation. Creating a compulsion situation to employees perform a task or job is called negative motivation. This method does not think about the like or unlike of employees. Employees do their task with fear and punishment. Negative motivation creates the employees negative towards leadership and organization. Since employees are negatively motivated so the employees turnover rate, rate of absenteeism become high whereas the performance becomes low quality and slow. It is provisional nature and it gives damages to the organization in long run.
2. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation is created by heart of the employees whereas extrinsic motivation is created by outer means of motivation like better facilities or good salary. Organizations should balance between the internal and external motivation as they can balance their economic position.
a. Intrinsic motivation
Intrinsic mean internal. The motivation generated internal factor or factor related to job is called intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation includes internal factor such as opportunity for advancement, recognition, praise, cooperation, autonomy, working condition, etc. So it is the process of making job interesting and playful rather than relying on external pressure or a desire for reward.
b. Extrinsic motivation
Extrinsic means external. Extrinsic motivation is the type of motivation that is generated externally by outside factor. Extrinsic motivation refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain an outcome. Extrinsic motivation comes from outside of the individual. Common extrinsic motivation are rewards (for example: money or grades) for showing the desired behavior and the threat of punishment following misbehavior. Competition is an extrinsic motivator because it encourages the performance to win and to beat others.
3. Financial and non-financial motivation
It can be classified into financial and non financial motivation when the motivation is classified on the bases of financial resources given to the employees. Financial means of motivation increases the economic load whereas maximum employees can be directed by financial requirements.
a. Financial motivation
When the financial or economic factors are mobilized for motivating the employees, then the motivation is called financial motivation. Reasonable or sufficient remuneration, equitable wages, regular payments of salary and facilities, legal bonus, competitive and equitable prizes, paid holiday, paying festival bonus, paying for overtime, etc are some of the common means of financial motivation. Through financial motivation mostly employees are motivated. As stated above, financial motivation increases the financial or economic load to the organization but this is most important to fulfill the basic requirements of employees as well as to ensure their financial security.
b. Non-financial motivation
Non financial is such type of motivation where non financial benefits are applied for employee motivation. Motivating employees through the participating in decision-making, job freedom, providing authority, systematic and regular performance appraisal system, timely promotion, allocating challenging job, concede employees work, providing chances for career development, training and development opportunities, giving educational leave, etc are some of the common examples of non financial motivation. Non financial motivational means focus to the similarity, justice and career development opportunity.
4. Group and individual/ personal motivation
If the motivation is classified on the bases of motivation focus to only on group of employees and employees at a time than it can be classified into group or personal motivation. Group motivation reimburse the benefits to a group of employees whereas the personal motivation motivates to a particular employee.
a. Group motivation
If the motivational sources motivate to big number of employees at a same time than the motivation is called group motivation. Rewarding the whole department, providing bonus to all employees, providing collective responsibility, arranging tour or picnic or entertaining programs to all employees, etc are some of the common examples of group motivation. Group motivation provides same means of motivation to all employees and facilitates to whole group members in the organization. From the same source the competent managers try to motivate large number of employees. Group motivation is one of the tools to give the group justice and satisfaction equally. Thus, it is better to emphasize on group motivation for the overall organizational productivity and effectiveness.
b. Individual/ personal motivation
Individual motivation is such type of motivation where an employee is motivated at a time by single means of motivation. It cannot meet the expectations of other employees while motivating one employee i.e., only the employee receive the advantages of means of motivation. Rewarding the excellent employees on the bases of performance appraisal, rewarding or giving economic or financial benefits to only one employee, etc are the common examples of the individual/ personal motivation.
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