Techniques of Job Analysis - Job Focused and Person Focused Technique | Human Resource Management

Techniques of Job Analysis! 

It is a method that determines the contain of the job, describes authorities, rights, duties, responsibilities, accountabilities of a job holder and specifies the minimum acceptable human and educational qualification required to perform the job. There are different techniques of job analysis which are broadly classify into different two groups:

 1. Job Focused Technique

The job focused technique focuses on the task and technology required to perform a job. It includes following methods:

a. Functional job analysis

It was developed by military department of USA. It uses task, methods, process and techniques used by employees to analysis the job. It includes following components:

i. Workers function analysis:- It analysis the function or activities to be done by workers or employees to achieve objectives.

ii. Workers field analysis:- It identifies the areas of employees where they are doing work such as manager, teacher, assembler, worker, etc.

iii. Workers traits analysis:- It analysis the characteristics such as honesty, discipline, alertness, regularity, punctuality, etc of workers or employees.

iv. Workers product analysis:- It studies about the product or services being produced by the workers or employees and their effect on the health of consumers.

b. Method analysis

A job can be performed by using a varieties of method where some method are simple and easy to follow and some method are very complex to follow. It studies the type of method being followed by employees to accomplish the job. It also studies motion of employees and equipment to understand whether there is balance between the movement of man and machine. However, it is suitable for lower level workers job.

c. Hay plan

It is used to analysis the job of managerial level position. The managerial job with multiple task are analysed to identify its effectiveness. Under this method different methods, different activities or elements such as objectives of the job duties, responsibilities,  accountabilities, authorities, need of supportive staff to the manager, etc are analysed to determine the worth of the job.

 2. Person Focused Technique

It focuses on technological and human aspects in designing the job. It includes following methods:

a. Position analysis questionnaire

This technique uses the set of comprehensive questionnaire including innovative and mental process, work output relationship, job contain and other characteristics to analysis the job. The objectives of this technique is to understand behavioral, personal and technological aspects require to perform a job.

b. Critical incident technique

Critical incident are those incident a situation which suffer the goodwill of an organization. Under this method, behavior of employees during the critical situation is consider to analyze the job. In other words, it tries to identify what an employees was doing? When the organization wa facing critical situation? These means either employees were taking efforts to control the incident or just observing incident or stimulating the situation to make more critical.

c. Physical fitness analysis

In an organization some jobs required certain level of energy, physical strength or stamina in addition to the academic and mental qualities. In this method, the job analysis is based on the requirement of physical energy or strength necessary to perform assigned duties. The person who has muscular or cardio problems are unable to work hard for the long time and they will be found incapable for a particular job.